Các Phrasal Verb thường gặp nhất trong tiếng Anh

Trong bài viết này, Efis English sẽ tổng hợp cho bạn các phrasal verb thường gặp và được sử dụng nhiều nhất trong tiếng anh.

Phrasal verb là gì?

Trước khi tìm hiểu các Phrasal verb thường gặp, thì bạn có biết phrasal là gi? Nó là cụm động từ, có công thức cấu tạo như sau:

ĐỘNG TỪ + TIỂU TỪ (giới từ hoặc trạng từ)

Với một động từ có sẵn, chỉ cần thêm một giới từ hoặc trạng từ ở phía sau thì phrasal verb được tạo thành sẽ có nghĩa hoàn toàn khác.

Cách dùng

Cũng giống như động từ thường, các phrasal verb thường gặp có thể đóng hai vai trò: nội động từ và ngoại động từ.

Nội động từ: không có tân ngữ theo sau

Ví dụ: My car broke down yesterday. Broke down (đã bị hư) là nội động từ nên không có tân ngữ theo sau.

Ngoại động từ: có tân ngữ theo sau, tuy nhiên tân ngữ có thể nằm ở nhiều vị trí khác nhau

Trường hợp 1: tân ngữ nằm giữa động từ và tiểu từ hoặc nằm sau tiểu từ

He took off his hat and sat down./He took his hat off and sat down. (Anh ấy đã cởi mũ ra và ngồi xuống.)

Trường hợp 2: tân ngữ là đại từ thì bắt buộc phải nằm giữa động từ và tiểu từ

He realised he was wearing a hat indoors, so he took it off. (Anh ấy nhận ra mình đang đội mũ trong nhà, vì vậy anh ấy cởi nó ra.)

Lưu ý: một số phrasal verbs có thể là nội động từ hoặc ngoại động từ với các ý nghĩa khác nhau tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh sử dụng.

The plane took off at 6:00 am. (Máy bay đã cất cánh vào lúc 6 giờ sáng.)

He took his shoes off and went into the house. (Anh ấy đã cởi giày và đi vào nhà.)

Các Phrasal Verb thường gặp

Phrasal verb	Meaning	Ví dụ
ask somebody out	invite on a date	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around	ask many people the same question	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to something	equal	Your purchases add up to $205.32
back something up	reverse	You’ll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
back somebody up	support	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job
blow up	explode	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
blow something up	add air	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
break down	stop functioning (vehicle, machine)	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
break down	get upset	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
break something down	divide into smaller parts	Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
break in	force entry to a building	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo
break into something	enter forcibly	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
break something in	wear something a few times so that it doesn’t look/feel new	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
break in	interrupt	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president’s death.
break up	end a relationship	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
break up	start laughing (informal)	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
break out	escape	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking.
break out in something	develop a skin condition	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
bring somebody down	make unhappy	This sad music is bringing me down.
bring somebody up	raise a child	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
bring something up	start talking about a subject	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
call around	phone many different places/people	We called around but we weren’t able to find the car part we needed.
call somebody back	return a phone call	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off	cancel	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn’t in love with his fiancé.
call on somebody	ask for an answer or opinion	The professor called on me for question 1.
call on somebody	visit somebody	We called on you last night but you weren’t home.
call somebody up	phone	Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
calm down	relax after being angry	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
not care for somebody/ something	not like (formal)	I don’t care for his behaviour.
catch up	get to the same point as somebody else	You’ll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
check in	arrive and register at a hotel or airport	We will get the hotel keys when we check in
check out	leave a hotel	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM
check somebody/ something out	look at carefully, investigate	The company checks out all new employees.
check out somebody/ something	look at (informal)	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
cheer up	become happier	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cheer somebody up	make happier	I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
chip in	help	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up	tidy, clean	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
come across something	find unexpectedly	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
come apart	separate	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
come down with something	become sick	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward	volunteer for a task or to give evidence	The woman came forward with her husband’s finger prints.
come from some place	originate in	The art of origami comes from Asia.
count on somebody/ something	rely on	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
ask somebody out	invite on a date	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around	ask many people the same question	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to something	equal	Your purchases add up to $205.32
back something up	reverse	You’ll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
back somebody up	support	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job
blow up	explode	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
blow something up	add air	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
break down	stop functioning (vehicle, machine)	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
break down	get upset	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
break something down	divide into smaller parts	Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
break in	force entry to a building	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo
break into something	enter forcibly	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
break something in	wear something a few times so that it doesn’t look/feel new	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
break in	interrupt	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president’s death.
break up	end a relationship	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
break up	start laughing (informal)	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
break out	escape	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking.
break out in something	develop a skin condition	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
bring somebody down	make unhappy	This sad music is bringing me down.
bring somebody up	raise a child	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
bring something up	start talking about a subject	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
call around	phone many different places/people	We called around but we weren’t able to find the car part we needed.
call somebody back	return a phone call	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off	cancel	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn’t in love with his fiancé.
call on somebody	ask for an answer or opinion	The professor called on me for question 1.
call on somebody	visit somebody	We called on you last night but you weren’t home.
call somebody up	phone	Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
calm down	relax after being angry	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
not care for somebody/ something	not like (formal)	I don’t care for his behaviour.
catch up	get to the same point as somebody else	You’ll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
check in	arrive and register at a hotel or airport	We will get the hotel keys when we check in
check out	leave a hotel	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM
check somebody/ something out	look at carefully, investigate	The company checks out all new employees.
check out somebody/ something	look at (informal)	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
cheer up	become happier	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cheer somebody up	make happier	I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
chip in	help	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up	tidy, clean	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
come across something	find unexpectedly	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
come apart	separate	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
come down with something	become sick	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward	volunteer for a task or to give evidence	The woman came forward with her husband’s finger prints.
come from some place	originate in	The art of origami comes from Asia.
count on somebody/ something	rely on	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
ask somebody out	invite on a date	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around	ask many people the same question	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to something	equal	Your purchases add up to $205.32
back something up	reverse	You’ll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
back somebody up	support	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job
blow up	explode	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
blow something up	add air	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
break down	stop functioning (vehicle, machine)	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
break down	get upset	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
break something down	divide into smaller parts	Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
break in	force entry to a building	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo
break into something	enter forcibly	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
break something in	wear something a few times so that it doesn’t look/feel new	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
break in	interrupt	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president’s death.
break up	end a relationship	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
break up	start laughing (informal)	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
break out	escape	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking.
break out in something	develop a skin condition	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
bring somebody down	make unhappy	This sad music is bringing me down.
bring somebody up	raise a child	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
bring something up	start talking about a subject	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
call around	phone many different places/people	We called around but we weren’t able to find the car part we needed.
call somebody back	return a phone call	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off	cancel	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn’t in love with his fiancé.
call on somebody	ask for an answer or opinion	The professor called on me for question 1.
call on somebody	visit somebody	We called on you last night but you weren’t home.
call somebody up	phone	Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
calm down	relax after being angry	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
not care for somebody/ something	not like (formal)	I don’t care for his behaviour. (Các phrasal verb thường gặp)
catch up	get to the same point as somebody else	You’ll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
check in	arrive and register at a hotel or airport	We will get the hotel keys when we check in
check out	leave a hotel	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM
check somebody/ something out	look at carefully, investigate	The company checks out all new employees.
check out somebody/ something	look at (informal)	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
cheer up	become happier	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cheer somebody up	make happier	I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
chip in	help	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up	tidy, clean	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
come across something	find unexpectedly	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
come apart	separate	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
come down with something	become sick	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward	volunteer for a task or to give evidence	The woman came forward with her husband’s finger prints.
come from some place	originate in	The art of origami comes from Asia.
count on somebody/ something	rely on	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
cross something out	draw a line through	Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
cut back on something	consume less	My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods.
cut something down	make something fall to the ground	We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm.
cut in	interrupt	Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle
cut in	pull in too closely in front of another vehicle	The bus driver got angry when that car cut in.
cut in	start operating (of an engine or electrical device)	The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
cut something off	remove with something sharp	The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
cut something off	stop providing	The phone company cut off our phone because we didn’t pay the bill.
cut somebody off	take out of a will	My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
cut something out	remove part of something (usually with scissors and paper)	I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
do somebody/ something over	beat up, ransack (BrE, informal)	He’s lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gang.
do something over	do again (AmE)	My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn’t like my topic.
do away with something	discard	It’s time to do away with all of these old tax records.
do something up	fasten, close	Do your coat up before you go outside. It’s snowing!
dress up	wear nice clothing	It’s a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.
drop back	move back in a position/group	Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.
drop in/ by/ over	come without an appointment	I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week.
drop somebody/ something off	take somebody/ something somewhere and leave them/it there	I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
drop out	quit a class, school etc	I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
eat out	eat at a restaurant	I don’t feel like cooking tonight. Let’s eat out.
end up	eventually reach/do/decide	We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
fall apart	break into pieces	My new dress fell apart in the washing machine.
fall down	fall to the ground	The picture that you hung up last night fell down this morning.
fall out	separate from an interior	The money must have fallen out of my pocket.
fall out	(of hair, teeth) become loose and unattached	His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.
figure something out	understand, find the answer	I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room.
fill something in	to write information in blanks, as on a form (BrE)	Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number.
fill something out	to write information in blanks, as on a form (AmE)	The form must be filled out in capital letters. (Các phrasal verb thường gặp)
fill something up	fill to the top	I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
find out	discover	We don’t know where he lives. How can we find out?
find something out	discover	We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out.
get something across/ over	communicate, make understandable	I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn’t listen.
get along/on	like each other	I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on.
get around	have mobility	My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair.
get away	go on a vacation	We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
get away with something	do without being noticed or punished	Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests.
get back	return	We got back from our vacation last week.
get something back	receive something you had before	Liz finally got her Science notes back from my room-mate.
get back at somebody	retaliate, take revenge	My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
get back into something	become interested in something again	I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
get on something	step onto a vehicle	We’re going to freeze out here if you don’t let us get on the bus.
get over something	recover from an illness, loss, difficulty	I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
get over something	overcome a problem	The company will have to close if it can’t get over the new regulations.
get round to something	finally find time to do (AmE: get around to something)	I don’t know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards.
get together	meet (usually for social reasons)	Let’s get together for a BBQ this weekend.
get up	get out of bed	I got up early today to study for my exam.
give somebody away	reveal hidden information about somebody	His wife gave him away to the police.
give somebody away	take the bride to the altar	My father gave me away at my wedding.
give something away	ruin a secret	My little sister gave the surprise party away by accident.
give something away	give something to somebody for free	The library was giving away old books on Friday.
give something back	return a borrowed item	I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game.

Các phrasal verb thường gặp

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