Luyện từ vựng IELTS Speaking thông qua mẫu đề và câu trả lời mẫu về chủ đề Environment and Pollution, dễ hiểu, logic và hiệu quả. Đây chính là bí quyết giúp bạn chinh phục IELTS dễ dàng.
IELTS speaking part 1 style questions
Luyện từ vựng IELTS Speaking: Environment & Pollution
Examiner: Has there been an increase in pollution where you live?
Yes, there has been a dramatic increase in recent years as many of the most productive factories are built on the outskirts of large towns and some are even in quite central areas so very near where people live. Air pollution, as a result of factory emissions and toxic fumes, has become a real problem.
Examiner: How has this pollution had an impact on daily life, do you think?
I think there are two key areas which have been most affected – firstly, our health, as air pollution is terrible in the city center because too many workers commute and rely heavily on their cars rather than traveling by public transport and there are many traffic jams. Secondly, on the quality of crops and in rural areas, where the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in farming has contributed to a dangerous amount of pollutants in foods.
Examiner: Are residents in your town good at recycling?
Sadly, in my opinion, not nearly good enough. I know in many European countries, the mantra of reusing and recycling plastics and cardboard has become automatic but here there is still a culture of throwing everything away and most domestic as well as industrial waste is incinerated. Obviously, this policy just contributes to worsening air pollution and to plastic being thrown into the sea.

Luyện từ vựng IELTS speaking part 2
Describe a time when you have caused pollution,
You should say:
- When this was
- What it was
- Where it was
And the impact which you think this might have caused.
I would like to describe a moment when I was on holiday a few years ago in a really beautiful part of India on holiday with a group of friends. We had been traveling around India for a month and I think I had adjusted to seeing a huge amount of waste on the streets. Not surprisingly, there were very limited facilities for recycling – this is not really part of the culture and it would require a huge investment to put in place the equipment and education program needed.
We were traveling on a train and had been sleeping as it was a very long journey and early the next morning when we pulled into the station, everyone leaned out of the window and purchased bottles of water, cups of tea, and hot food from excited street sellers on the platforms.
I was happy to join in with the locals and without even thinking drank my water then threw the bottle back out of the window which is something I would never have done back home. It wasn’t until later that I understood the consequences of this action.
After winding through the countryside for hours, the train finally reached the coast. I was stunned – rather than a beautiful, clear blue stretch of ocean, all I could see was a plastic waste – bottles, bags, food packaging, as well as larger items of industrial items, were just floating, interspersed with a few seabirds who looked utterly confused and were not really able to swim.
I could clearly see the impact of my careless action on the train and the problem of plastics in the ocean became horribly evident. With no other way of disposing of rubbish, the temptation, indeed, the default had become to simply throw bottles and bags on the ground or into the sea, river, or lake and so much of this has ended up in the ocean. Since then I have been rigorous about waste and campaigned to make sure my local town has widely available recycling bins for all.
IELTS speaking part 3 style questions
Examiner: What should be done about plastic in the ocean?
While quite a lot has been done already to highlight this terrible problem, I think more could be done to make sure the public knows the dangers. Apparently, around 350 million tonnes of plastic are being produced each year and around 8 million tonnes of plastic enter the ocean every year.
If waste management practices don’t improve, scientists predict this amount could increase tenfold by 2025. What happens is that while paper will eventually disintegrate, plastic does not do this and so when it does eventually break up, it still leaves smaller fragments called microplastics, which have been identified in commercial fish consumed by humans.
Examiner: What might some solutions be to reduce this situation?
I think many manufacturers should work really hard to reduce the use of what is called single-use applications, plastics which are used just once and then disposed of as this makes up approximately half of all plastics. Plastic can quite easily be recycled and used again for shampoo bottles for example. Some large companies have already started only using recycled plastics for their own-brand products and this kind of policy should be rolled out as widely as possible.
Examiner: What would you say to children who are faced with this problem for the future?
I would try to encourage teachers and parents to explain the situation to youngsters but also to try and be positive about what can be done. Firstly, we all need to be much more careful about recycling which is not impossible and should start at school as well as in the home.
There have been many incredible documentaries informing us all about the global plastic problem and awareness is a very important stage in beginning to stop the problem. I am not sure what is being done at the moment to remove this mass of plastic but we must make sure we do not make this worse, and we protect our planet as well as the wildlife and birds and we should protect the next generation who will also have to try to find solutions.

Danh sách luyện từ vựng IELTS Speaking: Environment & Pollution
outskirts of large towns: areas outside the city center, suburbs or industrial district / ngoại ô các thị trấn lớn: khu vực ngoài trung tâm thành phố, ngoại ô hoặc khu công nghiệp
factory emissions: smoke and pollution from factories / khí thải nhà máy: khói và ô nhiễm từ các nhà máy
toxic fumes: smoke which is poisonous / khói độc
traffic jams: large queues of cars not moving / tắc đường: hàng dài ô tô không di chuyển
pollutants in foods: dangerous chemicals / chất ô nhiễm trong thực phẩm: hóa chất nguy hiểm
pesticides: chemicals to keep bugs and animals away from plants / thuốc trừ sâu: hóa chất để giữ bọ và động vật tránh xa thực vật
chemical fertilizers: chemicals added to make soil stronger / phân bón hóa học: hóa chất được thêm vào để làm cho đất cứng hơn
commute to work: drive or travel to work every day / đi làm: lái xe hoặc đi làm hàng ngày
Mantra: frequently repeated statement / câu lệnh thường xuyên lặp lại
reuse and recycle: use products again or find another purpose for them / tái sử dụng và tái chế: sử dụng lại sản phẩm hoặc tìm mục đích khác cho chúng
industrial waste is incinerated: waste which is burnt / chất thải công nghiệp được đốt
facilities for recycling: places where you can dispose of plastic/cardboard / cơ sở tái chế: những nơi bạn có thể vứt bỏ nhựa / bìa cứng
education program: teaching and learning in school or elsewhere / chương trình giáo dục: dạy và học ở trường hoặc ở nơi khác
consequences: the outcomes / hậu quả
interspersed with (birds): mingled with, mixed with / xen kẽ với (chim): trộn lẫn với, trộn lẫn với
campaign: high profile policy for the public / chiến dịch
scientists predict: ideas for the future / các nhà khoa học dự đoán: ý tưởng cho tương lai
disintegrate: break down into small particles / tan rã: phân hủy thành các hạt nhỏ
microplastics: very tiny pieces / vi nhựa: mảnh rất nhỏ
single-use applications: use once then throw out / sử dụng một lần sau đó vứt bỏ
own-brand products: unique to the shop or supermarket / sản phẩm thương hiệu riêng: duy nhất cho cửa hàng hoặc siêu thị
policy should be rolled out: implemented all over the country / chính sách nên được triển khai: được thực hiện trên toàn quốc
documentaries: factual TV programs / chương trình truyền hình thực tế
Luyện từ vựng IELTS Speaking chủ đề environment and Pollution

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